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TujiaThe Tujia ethnic group, having a population of 5,704,223, mainly live in compact communities in the Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in western Hunan Province and Enshi Tujia Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province. There are also some scattered in Shizhu, Xiushan, Qianjiang and other counties in Sichuan Province. The Tujia people called themselves "Bizika", which means "native dwellers". The Tujia people have their own language which belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. They have no written script and the language of the Han people is in common usage. The language of the Miao ethnic group is also used. The area inhabited by the Tujia people is mostly highland with an altitude ranging between 400 and 1500 meters. Blessed with a mild climate and rich waters, this area provides ideal conditions for the development of forestry, agriculture, fishery and stock rising. Tujia people grow a variety of crops including wet rice, wheat, maize, and sweet potatoes. Other profitable cash crops include sugar beets, ramie, lacquer, cotton, tea, etc. This area also abounds in various timber resources, rare medicinal herbs, minerals, aquatic products and giant salamanders. The Tujia people are good at singing and dancing, and they use song and dance to tell epic sagas and creation myths, expressing love and grief. The Tujia have a popular dance named Baishou dance (Hand dance). It is a traditional mass collective performance of the Tujia people. It has a history of over 500 years and was originally a dance of triumph. This dance, now with its seventy ritual gestures that represent war, hunting, farming and other aspects of life, is popular at the New Year's festival, the Lunar New Year and other festive occasions. The "Diaonian Meeting," "Zhongwu Holiday" and "Guozu Festival" are the three most important holidays the Tujia people celebrate in a year. Diaonian Festival, also named Gannian Festival, is the Spring Festival of the Tujia people. It comes one day earlier than the New Year's Eve of the Han people. During this festival the Tujia people will carry out many activities celebrating the festival. These activities will last several days, perhaps even more than ten days. |